More Shocking Truth: The Real History of West Virginia, 150th Anniversary

While the West Virgina Public Broadcast production of the Road to Statehood (previous post) was fairly revealing about the controversial formation of West Virginia, this video, with well-documented sources and quotes, goes even further by illustrating how the minority of politicians in Wheeling basically hijacked and hoodwinked the public of western Virginia and manipulated things within the counties to achieve their own desired outcome.   This shows even more remarkably how West Virginia was formed by fraud against both the citizens of western Virginia counties, and the eastern panhandle, as well as against the Constitution of the United States and of the Commonwealth of Virginia.

Especially notice how many of western Virginia's counties voted and supported in favor of Virginia's Secession from the Union!  The colored map tells it all.  To this day it is also noticeable in some counties in particular what their historical leanings were and still are (e.g. Jackson, Boone, Logan, et al).

It is doubtful that West Virginia government schools are teaching your children the truth about just why and how West Virginia was actually formed, or rather coerced politically into Statehood.  It is doubtful most West Virginians know, including those who hold office in government.  Maybe this is why there is so much waving of the Union, federal U.S. flag all the time instead of even the State flag of West Virginia.  The Reconstruction and political propaganda have never ceased to pretend that it was a majority view to break from Virginia and to justify what can be considered no other than an illegally formed state.

The Controversial Truth About How West Virginia Became a State

West Virginia:  An illegal, unconstitutional, "bastard" state?  There is in fact strong evidence to say   so.  Was West Virginia's creation as a state legal and constitutional or the act of an insurrectionist and rogue group of politicians way up north in Wheeling who forced it through Congress, fixed the voting of the people, and got even a reluctant President Abraham Lincoln to sign off on it?

It is quite  ironic that politicians who claimed that Virginia's secession from the Union was illegal would then orchestrate a very unclean and illegal secession from Virginia (which was never approved as required by the government of Virginia either) and then claim it was the "restored government of Virginia", and try to sell it to Congress that way, isn't it?  Small wonder that Yankee sympathizers who supported secession from Virginia to form a new state were called in that time "anti-Virginians", and looked upon as disloyal to their own state.

Watch this excellent and impartial documentary which reveals even how former Virginia Governor Henry Wise described it:  "This new state is the bastard child of a political rape!"
 
Clearly the beauty and attractions of this state are much more pristine than its political origins.  The state itself was very divided between Confederate and Union sympathies and the capitol was carried back and forth several times between Wheeling and Charleston, the latter of which was more Confederate oriented.  West Virginia itself was very divided! 

The Significance of West Virginia in American History: "Child of the Rebellion"

Finally, the Department of Tourism has made both a website and videos touting what most Americans, and too many West Virginians, are ignorant of, i.e. the birth of the state during the Civil War and its unique significance in American history. 

The Dept. of Tourism's new Civil War website with the headline, "A State Born...from a Nation Torn", is an excellent visual introduction and guide and the videos (set to some great fiddle music!) provide a good educational profile of various parts of the state and their historical setting during the Civil War. 
Every family and school should make use of this entertaining and educational resource to understand the state's context in history.

Here is a taste of it, this one highlighting the Eastern Panhandle, especially Harpers Ferry and the site of the John Brown raid.

A Civil War Podcast: Why Virginia Seceded, West Virginia Formed

Presently there is a 150th Anniversary called a Sesquicentennial of the Civil War ongoing that is supported by State governments for tourism as well as for American education.  West Virginia's Sesquicentennial website is here.  It is an excellent time (and very relevant to today) to reconsider this major event in American history which transformed America.

The link below will take you to an excellent podcast tracing weekly the events leading up to and including the so-called Civil War from a Longwood University professor in Virginia which is worth subscribing to. Every American should know the documented truth (not the politically-correct propaganda version) about this Great Conflict which cost the lives of over 620,000 Americans, more than all U.S. wars combined. History is absolutely essential for discovering our present context which puts and interprets current events in better light. The history of the Civil War teaches alot about the true nature of the present U.S. Federal Government, which changed entirely from this historic event, despite flying a similar flag. Every family, and school, could benefit from this short weekly podcast.

The Civil War was nothing less than another Revolution of Government (for that is what the Southern States declared in justification of their seceding) in which the northern section, and their principles, usurped and turned the Federal Government in Washington D.C. into a Central Power over the previously sovereign and independent states. Slavery was only part of the issue, which even Lincoln declared he had no right to abolish or outlaw when he took office (as the earlier podcasts prove), for the larger principles of Union and Liberty came into conflict, i.e. National Federalism vs. State's Rights. What is now called Big Government began here with a war waged by Washington D.C. against the States who formed her! Thus the Union was "saved" or reformed at gunpoint. To be brought back into a union by force most all will recognize as some form of tyranny instead of freedom. Ironically, those who opposed a centralized power in Washington were then the Democrats (back then Dixie-crats!), and it was Lincoln's radical (called "Red") Republicans who wanted to tyrannize the states, contrary to "Tea Partiers" today!

Nothing highlights more how the Federal Government changed than this podcast here since it includes the Secession of Virginia and the formation of West Virginia, which is obscured in the title. Virginia had voted against secession until President Lincoln tried to raise armies in the southern states to wage war against the states seceding. That changed everything, and Virginia seceded on April 17, 1961 (see Ordinance of Secession in previous post). Every West Virginian should know this and also read the State Cultural Center's archives on the formation of West Virginia, "An Illegal Act?" which is enlightening for a better understanding about both the U.S. government and this state's origins.

Secession in the Old Dominion, Violence in Baltimore | That a Nation Might Live

[Virginia Secedes and] Baltimore Riot

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150 Years Ago: Virginia Secedes From Union, Federal Government Perverted Its Powers

                Virginia Ordinance of Secession

April 17, 1861 Virgina Secession Convention approves the wording of a referendum of secession and calls for a popular vote to approve it.


AN ORDINANCE to repeal the ratification of the Constitution of the United State of America by the State of Virginia, and to resume all the rights and powers granted under said Constitution.

The people of Virginia in their ratification of the Constitution of the United States of America, adopted by them in convention on the twenty-fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight, having declared that the powers granted under said Constitution were derived from the people of the United States and might be resumed whensoever the same should be perverted to their injury and oppression, and the Federal Government having perverted said powers not only to the injury of the people of Virginia, but to the oppression of the Southern slave-holding States:

Now, therefore, we, the people of Virginia, do declare and ordain, That the ordinance adopted by the people of this State in convention on the twenty-fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight, whereby the Constitution of the United States of America was ratified, and all acts of the General Assembly of this State ratifying and adopting amendments to said Constitution, are hereby repealed and abrogated; that the union between the State of Virginia and the other States under the Constitution aforesaid is hereby dissolved, and that the State of Virginia is in the full possession and exercise of all the rights of sovereignty which belong and appertain to a free and independent State.

And they do further declare, That said Constitution of the United States of America is no longer binding on any of the citizens of this State.

This ordinance shall take effect and be an act of this day, when ratified by a majority of the voter of the people of this State cast at a poll to be taken thereon on the fourth Thursday in May next, in pursuance of a schedule hereafter to be enacted.

Adopted by the convention of Virginia April 17,1861.

May 23, 1861 Virginia ratifies the Secessionist Convention referendum by a vote of 132,201 to 37,451

Rep. Ron Paul on Wiki Leaks: "Which is More Dangerous, WikiLeaks or Government Lies for War"?

Republican Representative and former candidate for U.S. President Ron Paul speaks before Congress regarding what he calls the "hysterical over-reaction" to WikiLeaks and reminds everyone that 1) Julian Assange stole nothing, 2) as an Australian he cannot be guilty of treason, 3) its direct parallel to the Pentagon Papers during Viet Nam (published by the New York Times, similar to WikiLeaks today) and the high court cleared the NY Times of any guilt, along with those involved.

He then focuses on the real issue, that WikiLeaks threatens government propaganda for unjust wars upon false pretenses (e.g. like Iraq) and the global (and "neocon") agenda for Empire which spreads lies to justify its course and contain its criticisms and embarrassments.

Freedom of the press has now just moved to the internet and the publishing of "leaks" from "confidential sources" is as old as the New York Times (e.g. Pentagon Papers) and Washington Post (e.g. Water-Gate).

Body of Civil War soldier exhumed

Confederate officer to be reburied with military honors.

Body of Civil War soldier exhumed

WINFIELD, W.Va. -- It took nearly five hours of slow and painstaking digging Saturday before a group of archeologists and volunteers found the remains of Capt. Philip James Thurmond.
Thurmond, a Confederate solider in the Civil War, died on Oct. 26, 1864, and was buried in an unmarked grave in Winfield near the Putnam County Courthouse....

...The foundation and historical society have tentatively set the reburial date for Oct. 30.

The Department of Veterans Affairs has donated a marker for the new burial site, and Chapman Funeral Home will donate a casket and steel vault.

Several local organizations including the Sons and Daughters of Confederate Veterans and the local American Legion Post 187 have volunteered to take part in reburial services.
Regional Union and Confederate re-enactors have also volunteered to accompany the casket to its new burial site when the time comes.

A Christmas Day Sermon 1758: Christmas a "Superstitious" Custom

clipped from www.fpcr.org A Christmas-Day Sermon. This sermon was delivered on December 25, 1758. THIS is the day which the church of Rome, and some other churches that deserve to be placed in better company have agreed to celebrate in memory of the Prince of Peace, the Savior ofmen, the incarnate God, Immanuel. Now that there is not the least appearance in all the Bible of the Divine appointment of Christmas, to celebrate the birth of Christ, is granted by all parties; and the Divine authority is not so much as pretended for it. Therefore, a Bible-Christian is not at all bound to observe it. ...for at least three hundred years, did not observe any day in commemoration of the birth of Christ. ...if a day should be religiously observed in memory of the birth of Christ, it ought to be that day on which he was born. But that day, and even the month and the year, are altogether uncertain. Finally, superstition is a very growing evil; and therefore the first beginnings of it ought to be prevented.

The early American pastors preached-up "liberty" from this unbiblical custom as a "tradition of men"! This renowned Presbyterian pastor, Samuel Davies, just prior to the American Revolution, demonstrates in this sermon the "superstition" of Christmas, while preaching about the incarnation or nativity of Christ, entirely different than is done today.

He expands:

Chrysostom, who lived in the fourth century, has these words, “It is not yet ten years, since this day, that is, Christmas, was plainly known to us;” and he observes, the custom was brought to Constantinople from Rome. Now since this day was not religiously observed in the church in the first and purest ages, but was introduced as superstitions increased, and Christianity began to degenerate very fast into popery; ought not we to imitate the purity of these primitive times, and retain none of the superstitious observances of more corrupt ages?

After all it was for "Christian liberty", free from the tyranny and corruption of both the Roman Catholic Church, and more particularly the Church of England, that the Pilgrims, Puritans of New England, Presbyterians and Baptists fled to America for.

18th century American society also did not commonly employ decorated trees (a pagan custom, largely from Norway in recent history, but of Babylonian origin) if they did observe Christmas.   Early American christians and pastors would be shocked at the even grosser corruptions that have been incorporated into this Christianized paganism which Constantine first established (for political reasons to unite the Roman Empire as Christianity grew popular), which has been blasphemously labeled "Christ-mass".

The date of December 25th is proven by Rev. Samuel Davies in this sermon to be an impossible date for the "birthday of Jesus", where he even references the change of Calendar in those early American years.

UPDATED: 

 The Wall Street Journal gets the history right:

...By the middle of the 19th century, most Protestant churches were, once again, celebrating Christmas as a religious holiday. The reason, again, had more to do with marketing than theology: They were afraid of losing congregants to other Christmas-celebrating denominations.

In 1870, President Ulysses S. Grant signed into law a bill making the secular Christmas a civil holiday because its celebration had become universal in this country popularized.

So the Civil War was followed by a Yankee "establishment of religion" and a particular worship, contrary to the Constitution, by force of law, trampling dissenting Christians biblical and theologically-consistent beliefs.  (And they wonder why we complain that our religious beliefs, though historically vindicated, are trampled for that of the corrupted majority of American church-ianity).  This history also highlights the corruption of the churches (i.e. marketing over theology), which has only gotten worse to the present day, which is self-evident during the holiday season in particular.

Civil War Days in Hurricane, West Virginia

It's that time of year again, to remember the so-called Civil War, actually the War of Northern Aggression, which expanded and centralized Federal power over the states, overthrowing the Constitution by a northern majority in Congress for a Democratic Despotism where "majority rules".

The event itself is great, tracing the historic battle of Scary Creek (where Confederates taught the Yankees a hard lesson), but the politically-correct spin (for victor's always write the history) always tries to glorify Abraham Lincoln (who was a tyrant and Great Consolidator--Walter Williams), as if this were a just war, instead of the beginning of imperialist Wars for Democracy on American soil, costing over 600,000 lives (greater than all other U.S. wars combined!), that preceded the latter world wars under the same pretense (see Pat Buchanan's book: "Churchill, Hitler, and the Unnecessary War" at the bookstore at bottom).

This year's event will have a replica of the first American submarine to sink an enemy ship, which was the Confederate States C.S.S. Hunley.

Raising of the C.S.A. Hunley, Charleston, SC 2000

This video is from the 2008 event, very amateur, but in one take with some authentic historical music (by Bobby Horton) set to it.

West Virginia, Rogue State Formed Unlawfully

"It is said that the admission of West Virginia is secession, and tolerated only because it is our secession. "

-- Pres. Abraham Lincoln

I hold that there is, legally and constitutionally no such state in existence as the state of West Virginia and consequently no senators from such a state. My object is simply to raise a question to be put upon the record, and to have my name as a Senator recorded against the recognition of West Virginia as a state of the United States. I do not believe that the Old Dominion, like a polypus, can be separated into different segments, and each segment become a living constitutional organism in this node. The present state of West Virginia as it has been organized, and as it is seeking representation on the floor of the Senate, is a flagrant violation of the Constitution.

-- Senator Davis, Kentucky

It was West Virginia Day June 20th. The state was formed illegally by a minority insurrection 145 years ago. Beautiful state, but with an unlawfully formed government. This is lifted from West Virginia's own archives. History records the controversy.

"there is no evidence that the majority of people within the counties which were to compose the new state had ever given its assent to its formation."

Fruits of the Civil War, Old Dominion Virginia was ripped in half. Virginia has never officially recognized the rogue state of West Virginia in law. Lincoln himself called it merely expeditious , not legal.

Lincoln and Congress had no more authority to permit the state anymore than Bush could authorize West Pennsylvania or Northern California.

During the Civil War those who supported the Yankee Union position were called "anti-Virginians". State's rights was greatly trampled which the Constitution itself in the 10th amendment makes plain in order to restrain federal power--a power of an absolute and irresponsible majority (i.e. democracy). It's been rougher ever since in restraining the federal usurpation!

clipped from www.wvculture.org Statehood for West Virginia: An Illegal Act? The admission of West Virginia in the midst of a war was an unusual event in the history of our nation. The circumstances of its admission leaves doubt as to whether the granting of statehood to West Virginia had a basis in law. Shortly thereafter, on May 23, 1861, the Secession Ordinance was ratified overwhelmingly by the people of Virginia. Only 20,373 Virginians voted to stay with the Union, while 125,950 cast votes to join the Confederacy.7 The question arises. Was this new government a sincere effort on the part of loyal Virginians, or was it a subterfuge to enable separatists to set up an entirely new state separate from the parent state? Even after West Virginia was admitted to the Union, Senator Davis of Kentucky objected to seating its Senators in the upper house. President Lincoln had doubts about the legality of admitting West Virginia to the Union. admission of West Virginia is secession, and tolerated only because it is our secession

Gorbachev: US Restarting Cold War, Threatening World

Amazing quotes (too true) below by Gorbachev about U.S. war-mongering from this news item earlier. For awhile Putin and Bush were close, until the Secretary of Defense (Gates) started talking of preparing against Russia and China. Now things have changed. So much for Reagan shaking hands with the former Soviet leader to close the Cold War.

Note his "conspiracy" charges against the U.S. and also Great Britain. I wonder how Americans would react if Russia setup "missile defense shield" around South America, as the U.S. is doing in Eastern Europe? Kind of provocatory, no?

This quote in particular is worth noting, since it demonstrates that the hijacked U.S. government is acting as a global empire and policing the world, an authority usurped unilaterally:

"The United States cannot tolerate anyone acting independently."

Ironic, how in 1776 America had a "declaration of independence" upon claiming that "all men are created equal", while the usurping powers now act as if no one else may do the same, and as if "some (nations) are more equal than others". This is the hypocrisy of the present U.S. government, that actually started with radical republicanism that usurped rule and began its empire with the Civil War, now extending a Union by force from just the American states, to the entire world, in the name of Democracy.

Gorbachev should have read the neocon blueprint for a PAX AMERICANA, by the Project for New American Century, which includes regime change for China, and another look at Russia. The neoconservatives have published their conspiracy for "global hegemony" for all to read, if everyone would just pay closer attention. Americans need to read it so they understand just how much war is in the planning.

clipped from www.telegraph.co.uk Gorbachev: US could start new Cold War Mikhail Gorbachev has accused the United States of mounting an imperialist conspiracy against Russia that could push the world into a new Cold War. With Dmitry Medvedev due to be inaugurated today as Russian president, the Soviet Union's last leader said that the White House's claims of peaceful intentions towards its former superpower rival could no longer be trusted. Delivering one of his most scathing attacks on the US, Mr Gorbachev told The Daily Telegraph that a US military build-up was under way to contain a resurgent Russia. "The United States cannot tolerate anyone acting independently. "Every US president has to have a war." "I sometimes have a feeling that the United States is going to wage war against the entire world." He railed against a "military-industrial complex" that he insisted was the "real government" of the US suggested that Margaret Thatcher had supplied weapons to Chechen terrorists.

Recollecting the Civil War; The Beginning of Wars for Democracy

clipped from www.civilwarhome.com Monday afternoon, about 2 or 3 o'clock, when we were sitting about in disconsolate fashion, distracted by the contradictory rumors, our negro cook rushed into the room with eyes shining and face working with excitement. She had been down in " de ten-acre lot to pick a few years of cawn," and she had seen a long train of wagons coming up from the ford, and " dey is full of wounded men, and de blood running outen dem dat deep," measuring on her outstretched arm to the shoulder. This horrible picture sent us flying to town, where we found the streets already crowded, the people all astir, and the foremont wagons, of what seemed an endless line, dis- charging their piteous burdens. The scene speedily became ghastly, but fortunately we could not stay tere were no preparations, no accommodations---the men could not be left in the street---what was to be done? Our women set bravely to work...they bandaged and bathed, with a devotion that went far to make up for their inexperience.

REALITIES OF WAR--THE CIVIL WAR CONFLICT LARGELY OVERLOOKED

A very moving account in this historical record (linked) above. This southern woman gives an account of caring for the thousands of wounded that day, describing in detail what modern authors cannot even imagine. Historical reality is very awakening and sobering to consider. People wrote with pen then more vividly than modern screen writers. These words of hers bring images from print to mind, the reality of a war unseen and erased from modern consciousness.

People today think little of the reality of war, beyond news and political debates. This moving and touching scene in this woman s account shows it up close and personal.

People should consider more what this war was really about if they consider the numbers involved, and that combat was often hand to hand, not bombing from a safe distance or high in the sky.

Historical Ammo comparison:
(left) modern 30-30 ammo used for deer hunting vs. Civil War rifle ball (right).
Provided courtesy of Civil War reenactor in Hurricane, WV. Which looks more deadly and powerful?

WARS FOR DEMOCRACY

The Civil War claimed over 620,000, more than all other U.S. wars combined to present, fighting not merely the Northern States but the Federal government in Washington! The fruits of Yankee-controlled government are now plain to see.

Since 1861 the Yankee Federal government has begun a policy of "regime change" toward global Democracy, i.e. "to rid the world of tyranny". (See Bush's State of the Union 2006 here). Operation Iraqi Freedom used the same excuse of "emancipation" of Iraqi's (without their call or consent) for Invasion, just like the Lincoln (first republican president) invasion of the South, burning their cities, just like Fallujah.

Wars for Democracy have clearly been the policy of Wilson (WWI), Roosevelt (WWII--"We must be the great arsenal of Democracy"), and all subsequent wars. This is why not only Bush, but republicans like McCain or democrats like Clinton or Obama offer no real "change" to this global policy. (Obama claims to "change the world", in his own words). Wars have all been fought for Democracy in the last 150 years, not "due to religion" as is often claimed. (Violent democratic agenda began at the French and Russian revolutions).

A recent Cato Institute podcast on the Civil War with a history professor in Pennsylvania bears this out, and is well worth brief reading and 5 minute listen.

THE SOUTH WAS RIGHT

James Henley Thornwell, D.D., a Presbyterian minister and President of South Carolina college (now USC) in 1861 put the South's position on the so-called Civil War in these terms in his treatise "Our Danger & Our Duty":

we are struggling for constitutional freedom. We are upholding the great principles which our fathers bequeathed us, and if we should succeed, and become, as we shall, the dominant nation of this continent, we shall perpetuate and diffuse the very liberty for which Washington bled, and which the heroes of the Revolution achieved. We are not revolutionists-- we are resisting revolution. We are upholding the true doctrines of the Federal Constitution. We are conservative. Our success is the triumph of all that has been considered established in the past. We can never become aggressive; we may absorb, but we can never invade for conquest, any neighboring State. The peace of the world is secured if our arms prevail.

A Spontaneous Skirmish, Civil War Days -- Hurricane, WV

Obama, The Secret Six, and Black Liberation Theology--Civil War Continues

Obama has come under closer scrutiny due to his close association with, and membership in the church of, his pastor Rev. Jeremiah Wright who teaches what is being exposed as radical Black Liberation Theology.

A greater in depth look at the history of what is now called Black Liberation Theology has its roots and foundation in the original promoters of radical Abolitionism to end slave-holding, led by the Secret Six (see the book in Bookstore at bottom of blog) and the insane terrorist madman named John Brown, who advocated and did murder innocent whites families (including women and children) and raided the Federal Armory in Harpers Ferry (now West Virginia) in attempt to lead an Insurrection. (John Browns execution for treason was attended by both Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson, a kind of foreshadowing of the bloody conflict to come). This nakedly is what "liberation" in these radical minds is all about, i.e. social upheaval and revolution. It was this radical minority of Marxist terrorists that fueled a needless "Civil War", which cost over 600,000 lives (more than all US wars combined). Dishonest "Abraham" Lincoln (joining the radical "Red Republicans") promoted such Insurrection (as historians interpret it) in his Emancipation Proclamation which encouraged slaves to rise up and murder in the South with impunity, (while he admitted he had "no authority" to set free any slaves). Then "Martin Luther King", who painted himself as "Moses", leading the "children into the promised land" (of communist Utopianism, through trespassing, insurrection and revolution) continued what the radical Abolitionist terrorists left unfinished. (May we not exercise our right to "free inquiry" and "liberty of conscience" about these so-called "great men" today without being branded as "racists" by the politically-correct Inquisition?)

The Abolition movement of the communists and Red Republicans led to the Feminism and further insurrection in the so-called "Civil Rights" movement (that was neither Civil nor Right), and continues to promote a radical socialist and communist agenda that pushes government toward Collectivist policies, including taxation and welfare. Its radical roots reveals its true character.

When will Americans, resisting the power of coercive political-correctness, be willing to study and discuss this and be willing to trace it all to its core in Abolitionism, and its natural successor Feminism? Marxist revolutionary communism entered America in 1861 and seeks further revolution today under Black Liberation theology and the socialist agenda within the government since Reconstruction.

See also the article, The Marxist Roots of Black Liberation Theology, whose author (a black theologian from Covenant Theological Seminary) was interviewed today on 58Live by Michael Agnello on WCHS talk radio. Also we highly recommend the book The Real Lincoln, also in the bookstore at the bottom of the blog.

clipped from www.law.umkc.edu The Trial of John Brown: The Secret Six Theodore Parker Liberal Transcendentalist Boston minister Theodore Parker was a strong supporter of Slave revolts, women's rights, temperance, and prison reform. His radicalism fueled by enactment of the Fugitive Slave Act, Parker participated in attempted rescues of fugitive slaves and formed a vigilance committee in Boston to fight those seeking to capture fugitive slaves. Parker wrote at the time of the Harper's Ferry attack, "One held against his will as a slave has a natural right to kill everyone who seeks to prevent his enjoyment of liberty." Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe Thomas Wentworth Higginson Franklin Sanborn Sanborn first provided money, arms, and books for Brown's activities in Kansas, then later at Harper's Ferry. Gerrit Smith He became so fearful that his connections to Brown would be exposed that he spent time in a lunatic asylum. George Luther Stearns Stearns hosted "the John Brown party" to celebrate the Emancipation Proclamation